Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
This study was designed to investigate anabolic effects of parentral administration of parathyroid hormone (Forteo) in wistar rats. Twelve female wistar rats of 8 weeks old were randomly divided in two groups (Group I and Group II); six female rats in each group. Animals of Group I served as vehicle control or placebo treated group and Group II as Parathyroid hormone (PTH) treated group at dose rate of 400 µg/kg body weight on every alternate day for 42 consecutive days. Parathyroid hormone was administered in the treatment group by subcutaneous route. Animals of control group were treated with normal saline and handled in similar manner as treatment group. Animal were observed for clinical biochemistry investigations and histomorphological evaluation of femur bone. Significant increase in bone alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium and phosphorus were observed in PTH treated group of animals compared to concurrent control animals. Histomorphological evaluation of femur bone in PTH treated rats revealed excessive calcification and reduction in bone marrow space due to excessive osteoblastic activity of bony tissue. Mid shaft of femur bone in PTH treated rats also revealed excessive condensation of osteoid tissue due to anabolic effects of Parathyroid hormone....
This study was planned to evaluate clinic-pathological effects occurring on short term oral ethanol administration in Wistar rats. The study comprised of four groups consisting of 5 female wistar rats in each group. Ethanol was administered orally for ten consecutive days to three treatment groups at dose rate of 2% (v/v), 4% (v/v) and 10% (v/v) and the control group was administered with distilled water as vehicle at the dose rate of 5 ml/kg body weight. Parameters evaluated in this study included in-life observations and measurements, post treatment clinical chemistry investigations, post treatment organ weight estimations. All animals were well tolerated with ethanol treatment without any mortality and clinical signs till the end of the treatment period. Significant decrease in body weight was observed at dose level of 4% and 10% (v/v) on day 7 and day 10 of treatment period in ethanol treated rats compared to concurrent control group of animals. Feed consumption was comparatively less in ethanol treated group of animals compared to concurrent control group. Significant increase in serum SGPT and Total cholesterol were observed at dose level of 4% and 10% (v/v) in ethanol treated group. Similarly significant increase in ALP, Triglyceride, Uric acid at dose level of 10% (v/v) in ethanol treated group. On the other hand significant decrease in Urea level was observed at dose level of 10% (v/v) in ethanol treated animals as compared to concurrent control group. Significant increase in liver weight was observed at dose levels of 10% (v/v) in ethanol treated group. Kidney weight was significantly increased in ethanol treated groups at dose level of 4% and 10% (v/v). Similarly reducing trend in spleen, adrenals and thymus absolute weight were observed in ethanol treated rats compared to concurrent control group of animals. These study findings were suggestive of adverse clinic-pathology occurring on short term oral administration of ethanol in rats....
In-Vitro Prevention of Glucose Induced Cataract by Second Generation Sulfonylurea: Glibenclamide. Goat eye lenses were divided into four groups. Group I lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humor with glucose concentration 5.5 mM (normal control). Group II lenses were incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM. Group III and IV lenses incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM were incubated along with Glibenclamide 10 and 20 ng/ml and subjected to biochemical evaluation. Glucose induced opacification of goat lens began 8-10 hrs after incubation and was complete in 72-80 hrs. Cataractous lenses showed higher Na+, MDA, lower concentrations of protein content. Lenses treated with Glibenclamide showed higher protein content and prevented formation and progress of cataract by glucose, as evidenced by biochemical parameters. The anticataract activity of Glibenclamide may be because of the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, as evidenced by a decrease in MDA in treated lenses. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies in various experimental models and long term clinical trials are required to validate the anticataract activity of Second Generation Sulfonylurea: Glibenclamide....
Obesity is a serious condition associated with accumulation of fat inside body that also predisposes the subject to other complicated disorders. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase enzyme that regulates absorption of lipids in gastrointestinal tract is an effective strategy to counter obesity and high levels of lipids in blood. Orlistat acts via this mechanism and hence was selected as the standard drug in this study. Phthalimide moiety is capable of being employed to generate new anti-obesity drugs and thus three new derivatives were synthesized which also possess partial resemblance to the structure of orlistat. Acute toxicity study was performed and each derivative was administered in the dose of 100 mg/kg orally. Orlistat was administered at the dose of 250 mg/kg orally. Each derivative produced significant reduction in bodyweight of animals when compared to negative control group animals. Triton produced elevation in serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the animals of positive control group at the dose of 400 mg/kg i.p. At the same time, orlistat and other synthesized derivatives prevented rise in serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in animals of respective groups at the dose of 250 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively when given orally. It can be concluded that these new derivatives possess considerable action as anti-obesity and lipid lowering agents. Further experiments are undergoing to elucidate their exact mechanism in obesity and hyperlipidaemia....
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense capacity of the body. Oxidative stress play a role in pathogenesis of various diseases such as neurogenerative diseases, ageing, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, liver disorders. Oxidative stress causes cell mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of misfolded proteins, inflammation, defects in protein clearance and cell death as a result of disease progression. Reactive oxygen species produce during energy reaction includes superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide radical, singlet oxygen, nitric oxide, peroxy nitrite. These are highly reactive and are capable of damaging all types of biomolecules. Defense mechanisms against free radical induced oxidative stress include preventive mechanisms, repair mechanisms, physical defenses, and antioxidant defenses. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), glutathione, carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants. Antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase. This review mainly focuses on oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidant enzyme....
The consumption of diets rich in plant foods are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) in Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative cardiotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of Cd (5 mg/kg bw/day for 4 weeks) to rats showed a significant increase in the activities of serum marker enzymes such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine transaminases in and a significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides in heart. Cd -intoxicated rats also showed a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in heart and the levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid in heart. Pre-administration of SAMC (40 mg/kg) to Cd-treated rats daily for a period of 4 weeks caused a significant restoration in the activities of marker enzymes and improved the antioxidant status by decreasing lipid peroxidative products, protein carbonyl content and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants. Administration of SAMC to normal rats did not show any significant effect. Histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue also confirmed the protective role of SAMC in Cd -treated rats. The results of the present study supports that SAMC possesses antioxidant activity in Cd -induced experimental oxidative cardiotoxicity....
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